My city's power company itself has multiple peaking power generators in shipping containers, that it runs because there's isn't enough supply.
Compared to full-size natural gas powerplants they're extremely awful, but they're a necessity when we otherwise wouldn't have reliable power. If it wasn't for NINBYism, we'd have plenty of hydro and nuclear power to meet all of our needs, but with NINBYism the only option is to build smaller, which is also dirtier and less efficient, but avoids the NIMBY blockades.
Hey now, give the environmentalists some credit too.
Even if the NIMBYs evaporated overnight these projects would still be hobbled by all manner of "you're gonna need an engineered stormwater solution" and "gonna need an impact study" type crap wherein firms and trades that manage to market what they do as being good for the environment (but at what cost?) are empowered sometimes by law, but more often by bureaucratic policy to leech large sums out of money at every step of the process.
At least in California, through a regulation called CEQA, NIMBYism is usually enacted through extreme selective enforcement of engineering and environment impact requirements.
They usually only apply to projects over a certain size, hence the shift to smaller projects to avoid NIMBYism.
Hydro is the best renewable at meeting demand peaks. Concentrated solar with molten salt storage could theoretically be just as good, but it isn't cost effective and the only large one, in Ivanpah California, is shutting down.
Nuclear is great at base power, but cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Wind and photovoltaic solar give power whenever it's available, but without storage, they also can't help with peak demands.
Modern aero derivative power turbines are capable of operating at below 15 ppm NOx when properly fitted for use. It's not as if they aren't making any attempt at all with regard to emissions. They've been working on this stuff since the 90s. They're on 2nd and 3rd generation combustor technology now.
That said, a parking lot full of these things could eventually crank up the ambient NOx levels. The real problem is low stack height. The exhaust being close to the ground creates a hot spot that would have otherwise dispersed into a much larger volume of air. One generator running by itself is probably not an issue in any arrangement. 20 is a medium sized power plant.
the reason it sells it that some non small part of the investor marked expects there is a "explosion" in compute needs, cause by AI adoption
which will lead to an explosion of electrical need
except there is limited world wide production capacity for gas power plants and other power plants, and some (e.g. nuclear) are very slow to build
and Trump put a lot of extra artificial hurdles for expanding anything "renewable"
so basically if that happen we most likely will have
- exploding electrical bills, and if no intervention is done for private homes, too.
- air pollution (and other environmental pollution) which doesn't just give people asthma implicitly will kill them (like them ding years earlier, but also potentially through damage from asthma attacks etc.)[1]
- price explosion of any electric components which share production lines with GPU servers (which isn't just GPUs, but also RAM, CPUs, etc.), the predicted price increase of RAM by ~30% is partially due to people anticipating this and already buying capacities :/
Naturally there needs to be a sinner to put the blame one so expect claims that electric price increases are fully at fault of Wind Farms and similar :/
Oh also if the AI bubble goes pop it sadly will not just be all fine, because we now have a double bubble of the core AI bubble and the "speculative new data center investment" bubble. The first will majorly hit the top of SAP100 and with it a lot of founds and similar which try to be "stable"/"reliable" etc. The other is more fulled by private equity and it's (for me) very unclear what is linked to it. One way or another things look pretty bad.
[1]: If anyone is wondering if there will be interventions from the state weather it's the OP politico article or long term promulgated and reported issues with fracking causing mutated fishes and major increases in cancer down stream, or the long history with toxic wast dumping in the US the answer is, most likely, no. And that sadly isn't even Trump specific.
I bet the thermodynamic efficiency of an aircraft jet power plant would be far less than that of purpose built turbine.
An aviation jet is designed to efficiently generate thrust at minimal weight. A power plant turbine is designed to efficiently turn the generator, and weight is no object.
These things are engineering marvels as fuel-burning engines go. From what I know, there is actually not that much that can be done to make gas turbines more efficient if weight is no object. Fuel weight and cost are very important for commercial turbofans, and engine manufacturers have been doing a huge amount of R&D in efficiency and are using some very advanced manufacturing techniques for certain parts. Turbine inlet temperatures are well into the white-hot range. A mechanical engineer described it to me as "A hundred degrees hotter and they'd melt and spill their internals out the back" - that is with exotic metals and active cooling. The main problem with these turbines is that they are somewhat old and will probably run at less than maximum power for longevity reasons. Turbines are terrible at less than full power efficiency. They also won't have a steam turbine added to use the exhaust heat like with stationary engines.
According to this article, the best current commercial turbofans can reach over 50% thermodynamic efficiency. I remember thinking that 50% seem like an unreachable holy grail when first reading about thermodynamic efficiency of common engines.
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23490/chapter/6#36
It does say they replace the power turbine part with one designed to extract shaft horsepower. Given that the hot end is the difficult and expensive part that probably has loads of useful life left long after it's aged out of being usable in an aircraft, sticking a new power turbine on isn't the worst idea you could have.
Of course "jet" aircraft are mostly using the engine to produce shaft power to run a ducted fan anyway.
True, the turbines they're retrofitting are cores from high bypass turbofans. As far as I've managed to figure, they output somewhere in the neighborhood of 75% of their power through the shaft when in a turbofan engine.
However, these cores are designed to spin very fast, not at grid speed, so these need some form of gearbox or electronic frequency conversion.
The PE6000 and the LM6000 are two shaft machines, where there is a low speed shaft on which sits the low pressure compressor and low pressure turbine (the hot and cold ends), and a high speed shaft on which sits the high pressure compressor and high pressure turbine. The two shafts are concentrically located, with the high speed shaft being on the outside. The low speed shaft is where the generator is coupled, and can be done on either the hot or cold end.
You're right that the core doesn't spin at synchronous speed but the LP shaft does. It's optimized for 3600rpm, but could run at other speeds... the machine just isn't designed for it. The LM6000 only uses a gearbox for 50Hz units while 60Hz don't need it.
> However, these cores are designed to spin very fast, not at grid speed, so these need some form of gearbox or electronic frequency conversion.
That's true of any gas turbine engine. About the only engines you can use to drive a genny directly are diesels at 1500rpm for 4-pole machines or petrols at 3000rpm for 2-pole machines (or if you're in one of the tiny handful of countries in the world that uses 60Hz, 1800rpm or 3600rpm).
You can of course run these on alternative fuels like waste veg oil for diesels or propane instead of petrol, and the latter used to be quite common on remote farms where you'd have a big propane tank for heating and cooking - may as well run the generator on it too, and not have to worry about exhaust fumes.
I don't believe that's right. Near as I can tell, the large turbines built for power generation, like the GE 9HA spin at 3000 or 3600 RPM. That's how they get efficiencies north of 60%.
Makes a lot of sense as described, basically recycling using turbines retired for flight, but I wonder how efficient these retrofitted gas turbine generators are compared to turbines originally designed and built for this fuel and application.
Edit: Turns out GE makes these things called LM2500 gas turbines and they're pretty much the same thing, CF6 aero turbines set up for power generation. They're advertised as being 35-39% efficient, which makes them rather on the less efficient end of the gas turbine spectrum. But they're light and quick to start so they have seem a lot of use in ships and some peaker plants. They definitely aren't the best turbine to be running a data center with long term, but if they can make them cheap and available that might be good enough. Not a new idea though.
The LM6000 and its variants have been in operation since probably the 1980s. I can ask around at work. I used to develop the code for the LM6000.
You're spot on that people use them for peaking, but it's a big mix. Peaking, mid-merit, and sometimes base load. There are low emissions versions as well, that keep NOx to a handful of ppm without using extra water.
I have a weird question. Wouldn't it be simpler just like not run AI when there is no green power available? Surely you could save running tasks on disk and then wake them up again when there is green power available?
You could, but an AI datacenter is awfully expensive, and every minute down costs a ton in unused capital so generally they'll do anything in their power to guarantee maximum utilization at all times
Gotta love this... The companies running these (Amazon, Google) push hard on the narrative of how green they are, but their executives fly private everywhere and their data centers run on gas jet engines.
This isn't exactly novel. I was recently visiting a gas peaker plant in the EU, built 10-15 years ago. It uses two jet turbines as found on a 747 (didn't ask for the exact type).
if all cars where replaced with EVs power usage would go up ~20-50% (based on full usage, i.e. all cars including trackers, trucks but also stuff like gasoline power generators). Number is such a large range due to unclearity for total average full usage efficiency across all cars, unclearity how much fast and slow charging would be used etc.
but cars normally get replaces with EVs only if you need a new car anyway, so ignoring that different classes of cars are used for different number of years etc. we are speaking about something like (very roughly) 5% or so off the total increase coming per year if no one including truckers would buy non-EVs. So we have a upper ceiling of around 2.5% increase per year, but more realistically we are speaking about less then 1% increase per year (but also that much for the next 20-50 years).
And sure there are other things, like electric heating, full electric cooking etc. which I am fully ignoring.
But for AI needs alone we have a projected increases of 25% in the next 5 years or so, depending on who you ask. And even around 80% until 2050... which is a completely different scale then like 5% in the next 5 years and up to 50% in the next 50 years ...
This is beyond stupid to do so.
https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/06/elon-musk-xai-memph...
My city's power company itself has multiple peaking power generators in shipping containers, that it runs because there's isn't enough supply.
Compared to full-size natural gas powerplants they're extremely awful, but they're a necessity when we otherwise wouldn't have reliable power. If it wasn't for NINBYism, we'd have plenty of hydro and nuclear power to meet all of our needs, but with NINBYism the only option is to build smaller, which is also dirtier and less efficient, but avoids the NIMBY blockades.
> If it wasn't for NINBYism,
Hey now, give the environmentalists some credit too.
Even if the NIMBYs evaporated overnight these projects would still be hobbled by all manner of "you're gonna need an engineered stormwater solution" and "gonna need an impact study" type crap wherein firms and trades that manage to market what they do as being good for the environment (but at what cost?) are empowered sometimes by law, but more often by bureaucratic policy to leech large sums out of money at every step of the process.
At least in California, through a regulation called CEQA, NIMBYism is usually enacted through extreme selective enforcement of engineering and environment impact requirements.
They usually only apply to projects over a certain size, hence the shift to smaller projects to avoid NIMBYism.
Which city is this? I see the two most easy to build renewables options have been suspiciously left out.
Hydro is the best renewable at meeting demand peaks. Concentrated solar with molten salt storage could theoretically be just as good, but it isn't cost effective and the only large one, in Ivanpah California, is shutting down.
Nuclear is great at base power, but cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Wind and photovoltaic solar give power whenever it's available, but without storage, they also can't help with peak demands.
What is NINBYism?
Not In Neumann's Back Yard
Modern aero derivative power turbines are capable of operating at below 15 ppm NOx when properly fitted for use. It's not as if they aren't making any attempt at all with regard to emissions. They've been working on this stuff since the 90s. They're on 2nd and 3rd generation combustor technology now.
That said, a parking lot full of these things could eventually crank up the ambient NOx levels. The real problem is low stack height. The exhaust being close to the ground creates a hot spot that would have otherwise dispersed into a much larger volume of air. One generator running by itself is probably not an issue in any arrangement. 20 is a medium sized power plant.
Kinda funny behaviour from the electric cars will save us guy.
I mean it's the "repeatedly confirmed to be egoistic to a point where they don't care if their neglect kills people guy".
yeah that’s not what he actually thinks though
It’s sick
Classic whataboutism, but why single out him when every new datacenter is same?
it is
the reason it sells it that some non small part of the investor marked expects there is a "explosion" in compute needs, cause by AI adoption
which will lead to an explosion of electrical need
except there is limited world wide production capacity for gas power plants and other power plants, and some (e.g. nuclear) are very slow to build
and Trump put a lot of extra artificial hurdles for expanding anything "renewable"
so basically if that happen we most likely will have
- exploding electrical bills, and if no intervention is done for private homes, too.
- air pollution (and other environmental pollution) which doesn't just give people asthma implicitly will kill them (like them ding years earlier, but also potentially through damage from asthma attacks etc.)[1]
- price explosion of any electric components which share production lines with GPU servers (which isn't just GPUs, but also RAM, CPUs, etc.), the predicted price increase of RAM by ~30% is partially due to people anticipating this and already buying capacities :/
Naturally there needs to be a sinner to put the blame one so expect claims that electric price increases are fully at fault of Wind Farms and similar :/
Oh also if the AI bubble goes pop it sadly will not just be all fine, because we now have a double bubble of the core AI bubble and the "speculative new data center investment" bubble. The first will majorly hit the top of SAP100 and with it a lot of founds and similar which try to be "stable"/"reliable" etc. The other is more fulled by private equity and it's (for me) very unclear what is linked to it. One way or another things look pretty bad.
[1]: If anyone is wondering if there will be interventions from the state weather it's the OP politico article or long term promulgated and reported issues with fracking causing mutated fishes and major increases in cancer down stream, or the long history with toxic wast dumping in the US the answer is, most likely, no. And that sadly isn't even Trump specific.
I bet the thermodynamic efficiency of an aircraft jet power plant would be far less than that of purpose built turbine.
An aviation jet is designed to efficiently generate thrust at minimal weight. A power plant turbine is designed to efficiently turn the generator, and weight is no object.
Different trade-offs.
These things are engineering marvels as fuel-burning engines go. From what I know, there is actually not that much that can be done to make gas turbines more efficient if weight is no object. Fuel weight and cost are very important for commercial turbofans, and engine manufacturers have been doing a huge amount of R&D in efficiency and are using some very advanced manufacturing techniques for certain parts. Turbine inlet temperatures are well into the white-hot range. A mechanical engineer described it to me as "A hundred degrees hotter and they'd melt and spill their internals out the back" - that is with exotic metals and active cooling. The main problem with these turbines is that they are somewhat old and will probably run at less than maximum power for longevity reasons. Turbines are terrible at less than full power efficiency. They also won't have a steam turbine added to use the exhaust heat like with stationary engines.
According to this article, the best current commercial turbofans can reach over 50% thermodynamic efficiency. I remember thinking that 50% seem like an unreachable holy grail when first reading about thermodynamic efficiency of common engines. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23490/chapter/6#36
It does say they replace the power turbine part with one designed to extract shaft horsepower. Given that the hot end is the difficult and expensive part that probably has loads of useful life left long after it's aged out of being usable in an aircraft, sticking a new power turbine on isn't the worst idea you could have.
Of course "jet" aircraft are mostly using the engine to produce shaft power to run a ducted fan anyway.
True, the turbines they're retrofitting are cores from high bypass turbofans. As far as I've managed to figure, they output somewhere in the neighborhood of 75% of their power through the shaft when in a turbofan engine.
However, these cores are designed to spin very fast, not at grid speed, so these need some form of gearbox or electronic frequency conversion.
The PE6000 and the LM6000 are two shaft machines, where there is a low speed shaft on which sits the low pressure compressor and low pressure turbine (the hot and cold ends), and a high speed shaft on which sits the high pressure compressor and high pressure turbine. The two shafts are concentrically located, with the high speed shaft being on the outside. The low speed shaft is where the generator is coupled, and can be done on either the hot or cold end.
You're right that the core doesn't spin at synchronous speed but the LP shaft does. It's optimized for 3600rpm, but could run at other speeds... the machine just isn't designed for it. The LM6000 only uses a gearbox for 50Hz units while 60Hz don't need it.
> However, these cores are designed to spin very fast, not at grid speed, so these need some form of gearbox or electronic frequency conversion.
That's true of any gas turbine engine. About the only engines you can use to drive a genny directly are diesels at 1500rpm for 4-pole machines or petrols at 3000rpm for 2-pole machines (or if you're in one of the tiny handful of countries in the world that uses 60Hz, 1800rpm or 3600rpm).
You can of course run these on alternative fuels like waste veg oil for diesels or propane instead of petrol, and the latter used to be quite common on remote farms where you'd have a big propane tank for heating and cooking - may as well run the generator on it too, and not have to worry about exhaust fumes.
> That's true of any gas turbine engine.
I don't believe that's right. Near as I can tell, the large turbines built for power generation, like the GE 9HA spin at 3000 or 3600 RPM. That's how they get efficiencies north of 60%.
Yeah, I suppose you can design the power turbine for lower speeds, I hadn't thought of that.
geared turbofans are a thing, but fairly new.
Makes a lot of sense as described, basically recycling using turbines retired for flight, but I wonder how efficient these retrofitted gas turbine generators are compared to turbines originally designed and built for this fuel and application.
Edit: Turns out GE makes these things called LM2500 gas turbines and they're pretty much the same thing, CF6 aero turbines set up for power generation. They're advertised as being 35-39% efficient, which makes them rather on the less efficient end of the gas turbine spectrum. But they're light and quick to start so they have seem a lot of use in ships and some peaker plants. They definitely aren't the best turbine to be running a data center with long term, but if they can make them cheap and available that might be good enough. Not a new idea though.
The PE6000 is closer to a GE LM6000 rather than an LM2500. https://www.gevernova.com/gas-power/products/gas-turbines/lm...
The LM6000 and its variants have been in operation since probably the 1980s. I can ask around at work. I used to develop the code for the LM6000.
You're spot on that people use them for peaking, but it's a big mix. Peaking, mid-merit, and sometimes base load. There are low emissions versions as well, that keep NOx to a handful of ppm without using extra water.
I have a weird question. Wouldn't it be simpler just like not run AI when there is no green power available? Surely you could save running tasks on disk and then wake them up again when there is green power available?
You could, but an AI datacenter is awfully expensive, and every minute down costs a ton in unused capital so generally they'll do anything in their power to guarantee maximum utilization at all times
Gotta love this... The companies running these (Amazon, Google) push hard on the narrative of how green they are, but their executives fly private everywhere and their data centers run on gas jet engines.
This isn't exactly novel. I was recently visiting a gas peaker plant in the EU, built 10-15 years ago. It uses two jet turbines as found on a 747 (didn't ask for the exact type).
A great advantage of these is it minimizes commitment in case AI is a big bubble.
We need to greatly expand electrical generation anyway if EVs are going to replace ICEVs in transportation.
if all cars where replaced with EVs power usage would go up ~20-50% (based on full usage, i.e. all cars including trackers, trucks but also stuff like gasoline power generators). Number is such a large range due to unclearity for total average full usage efficiency across all cars, unclearity how much fast and slow charging would be used etc.
but cars normally get replaces with EVs only if you need a new car anyway, so ignoring that different classes of cars are used for different number of years etc. we are speaking about something like (very roughly) 5% or so off the total increase coming per year if no one including truckers would buy non-EVs. So we have a upper ceiling of around 2.5% increase per year, but more realistically we are speaking about less then 1% increase per year (but also that much for the next 20-50 years).
And sure there are other things, like electric heating, full electric cooking etc. which I am fully ignoring.
But for AI needs alone we have a projected increases of 25% in the next 5 years or so, depending on who you ask. And even around 80% until 2050... which is a completely different scale then like 5% in the next 5 years and up to 50% in the next 50 years ...
They should just put one on a windmill and make it to brrrr
Literally burning our planet at the altar of capitalism, through its false idol of AI.
Oh, great, they found another way to power energy-hungry chatbots with inefficient fossil fuels.
Should be banned. Stop finding new ways to burn gas for energy, you fucking maniacs.
You don’t understand!
The line must go up.